When the Blue Sky Disappears

Breathe Easy This Winter: Simple Solutions to Keep Indoor Air Fresh and Healthy Amid Hidden Pollution Sources

Remember those warm summer days? The sun streaming through the trees, early morning walks in the park surrounded by lush greenery, and evening strolls filled with laughter and fresh air. Summer felt like freedom, with open windows, outdoor adventures, and fresh air all around.

But as winter rolls in, everything changes. The days are shorter, and we spend more time indoors, wrapped in blankets and sipping hot tea and coffee. While cozying up inside sounds perfect, we don’t always realize that the air we’re breathing indoors might not be as fresh as the air we loved in summer. In fact, indoor air can be 2–5 times more polluted than the outdoor air we miss. Sealing up our homes to keep the warmth in also traps in dust, mold, and particles from everyday household items.

So, as we are settling in this winter, let’s take a look at some hidden sources of indoor pollution and find simple ways to make the air at home as fresh and clean as those sunny summer memories.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

VOCs from everyday household activities can be a significant indoor air pollutant, particularly during winter when homes are sealed to retain warmth.

The Problem

VOCs are emitted by scented candles, cleaning agents, paints, and even traditional incense sticks (agarbatti) or dhoop. Exposure can lead to respiratory irritation, nausea, and long-term health risks.

The Solution

• Opt for Natural Alternatives: Use unscented or naturally derived cleaning products. Limit the use of air fresheners and synthetic fragrances.
• Increase Ventilation: Even in winter, open windows for 5–10 minutes daily to refresh indoor air. Avoid this during times of heavy outdoor air pollution, such as during early mornings when smog levels are high in Indian cities.
• Reduce Burning Rituals: Limit the use of incense and candles, especially in enclosed spaces. Opt for safer, low-emission options.

Moisture and Mould

Winter in India, especially in humid areas like the coastal regions or during the foggy North Indian winters, can lead to excess indoor moisture and mould growth.

The Problem

Activities like bathing, cooking, and even drying clothes indoors contribute to increased humidity, creating a conducive environment for mould. This can trigger asthma and allergic reactions.

The Solution

• Control Humidity: Maintain indoor humidity between 30–50 per cent.
• Address Leaks: Fix water leaks in roofs, walls, or pipes immediately.
• Use Exhaust Fans: Run exhaust fans in kitchens and bathrooms, and leave them on for 15–30 minutes after use.
• Avoid Indoor Drying: Where possible, dry clothes outdoors or in well-ventilated spaces.

Wood-Burning Stoves and Chulhas

In rural and semi-urban India, traditional cooking methods using wood or biomass in chulhas (mud stoves) are still prevalent, especially during winter. While they evoke a sense of nostalgia, these methods contribute significantly to indoor air pollution.

The Problem

Burning wood and biomass releases harmful pollutants like particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and VOCs. Prolonged exposure can cause respiratory diseases, asthma, heart issues, and premature death. Improper ventilation exacerbates the problem.

The Solution

• Switch to Cleaner Fuels: Where possible, replace wood-burning stoves with cleaner alternatives like LPG or biogas, which are more energy-efficient and emit less smoke.
• Improved Stove Design: Use improved cook stoves that minimize smoke emissions. The Indian government promotes such stoves under schemes like the National Biomass Cook stove Programme (NBCP).
• Ventilation: Ensure proper ventilation with chimneys or exhaust fans.
• Use Seasoned Firewood: If wood use is unavoidable, ensure it is dried for six months or more to reduce emissions.